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Methods of insect body and food marking and their utilization in bees (Anthophila)
Macháčková, Lenka
Marking methods represent often an essential part of many studies which target on insect biology. These marking techniques sometimes represent the only possible way to obtain new and important informations. In the first part of the thesis I deal with individual insect labeling, which was used for marking of solitary bees and their nests as a tool of obtaining informations about nesting bee dynamics in aggregation. Our study show that nest owner replacements are very common in all four species. However, a large percentage of the nests were abandoned by the female owners before owner change. Only a part of all the nests were trully usurped on the nesting site. The true usurpations thus represent rather minor part of observed nest owner replacement situations. The bees surprisingly often abandon their nests and found the new ones. The frequent contacts of the females on a nesting site occur as a result of common nest owner replacements. High tolerance of bees to each other together with tolerance of usurpations and low level of aggression may thus represent one of the possible ways towards communality and other types of social behaviour. In the second part of the thesis I focus on the possibilities of food marking in bees. Effectivity of sugar and pollen utilization are not yet fully understood in...
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Methods of insect body and food marking and their utilization in bees (Anthophila)
Macháčková, Lenka ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Bogusch, Petr (referee) ; Hanus, Robert (referee)
Marking methods represent often an essential part of many studies which target on insect biology. These marking techniques sometimes represent the only possible way to obtain new and important informations. In the first part of the thesis I deal with individual insect labeling, which was used for marking of solitary bees and their nests as a tool of obtaining informations about nesting bee dynamics in aggregation. Our study show that nest owner replacements are very common in all four species. However, a large percentage of the nests were abandoned by the female owners before owner change. Only a part of all the nests were trully usurped on the nesting site. The true usurpations thus represent rather minor part of observed nest owner replacement situations. The bees surprisingly often abandon their nests and found the new ones. The frequent contacts of the females on a nesting site occur as a result of common nest owner replacements. High tolerance of bees to each other together with tolerance of usurpations and low level of aggression may thus represent one of the possible ways towards communality and other types of social behaviour. In the second part of the thesis I focus on the possibilities of food marking in bees. Effectivity of sugar and pollen utilization are not yet fully understood in...
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Non-invasive methods for individual identification of reptiles
KROUFKOVÁ, Michaela
Reptiles are a common group of animals used to various researches. Invasive identification methods are often used in these researches to recognize individuals in population. These methods negativly affect lifes of individuals and can cause die-off. For these reasons so called individual non-invasive identification methods arise, which can help with better handling of examined individuals and their easy and cheap recognition. These are easy and fast methods, where morphological characteristics of individuals and their natural unusualnesses of their body signs (scars, spots) are used. Very importand method is photografical identification with help of photografical system called I3S (Interactive Individual Identification System), which uses significant lizards signs very similar to peoples fingerprints. In this work you can find a review of studies which are concerned with these non-invasive methods. These methos can improve identification of individual reptiles and hadling with them. Above all, this work contains reptile species, where these methods are succesfully used and a summary of morphological characteristics by which the identification is performed.
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Study of spatial activity of small mammals inhabit isolated forest draws in agricultural landscape with a focus on the use of surrounding food sources.
HAVLOVÁ, Jitka
Habitat fragmentation during 50s of 20th century caused decrease in food resource availibility for many small mammalian forest species. Despite all of the changes, those species managed to adapt to it - one of the adaptation mechanics has been migrating into agricultural areas. The main aim of this study was to describe the spatial activity of Apodemus sylvaticus and Myodes glaerolus inside two forst patches and compare it. My next aim was evaluate the significance of agricultural areas nearby the researched forest patches. One part of this was even the comparison of different marking techniques used for rodents in field. Data describing movement activity of researched species were collected using capture-mark-recapture (CMR) As expected the data differ - Greater mobility was found in A. sylvaticus, the M. glaerolus preffered to stay inside patches with larger vegetation cover. The raids into surrounding patches differed even in those two researched forest sites. In site "Samota" A. sylvaticus showed greater movement distance, however in "Hejtman" it were M. glaerolus expressing greater movement ability. Theirs movement were directed inside clover field. Both species of Samota site ventured into patches with dense plant cover, perhaps to minimise the risk of predation. The best method of marking proved to be the clipping the rodents ears with tags. As the next more efficient I would choose the ear-clipping.
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